Paddaya goes on to say that these red ochre nodules were probably also utilized for body ornamentation and other similar purposes. Because this material does not occur in its natural state in the area surrounding the site, the site excavators believed that these little hematite nodules were brought-in from afar. One such hematite specimen was discovered in the exposed floor of Hunsgi (Karnataka), locality V, and has a worn facet with characteristic striation patterns, indicating that it was used as a crayon to color or mark a rock surface. The uses and evidence of earth pigments in the India begin with the hematite and quartz crystals found in the Acheulian deposits of the Lower Paleolithic period. Studies leadingto well-founded knowledge on pigments can contribute towards the safeguarding of Indian cultural heritage as well as spread awareness among conservators, restorers, and scholars.
The present knowledge on material sources given in the literature is limited and deficient as of now, hence the present work attempts to elucidate the range of earth pigments encountered in Indian wall paintings and the scientific studies and characterization by analytical techniques that form the knowledge background on the topic. Considering Indian wall paintings, the most widely used earth pigments include red, yellow, and green ochres, making it fairly easy for the modern era scientific conservators and researchers to study them. Although records to help understand the technical details of Indian painting in the early periodare scanty, there is a certain amount of material from which some idea may be gained regarding the methods used by the artists to obtain their results. Studies reveal that the primitive artist stored or used his pigments as color cakes made out of skin or reeds. Being a prominent part of human expression through art, nature-derived pigments have been used in continuum through ages until now. Iron-containing earth minerals of various hues were the earliest pigments of the prehistoric artists who dwelled in caves.
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